Video Gallery

How Cells Obtain Energy.mp4

Go to Video Gallery Added Oct 31, 2012 •

Copy this URL:
Embed code:	<iframe class="edlio-embed-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="360" src="//www.hhscougars.org/apps/embed/?v=33202" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> Change dimensions

Go HD

Show Transcript

life as well no is an energy and the process it takes energy to operate muscles extract ways make new cells let the brain process and send messages and even from time to time do some serious thinking an organism's entire energy budget is spent on the cell level in some cells as much as half of a cell's energy output is used to transfer molecules across the cell membrane a process called transport the movements require energy and thousands of energy hungry chemical reactions on in every living cell every second every day kind of energy South uses chemical bond energy the shared electrons that hold atoms together in molecules  most cell processes use the same energy source the rechargeable energy carrier adenosine triphosphate ATP has this arrangement molecular unit of adenosine couple to a chain of three phosphate groups does the name adenosine triphosphate the phosphate groups are held to each other by very high energy chemical bonds but under certain conditions the end phosphate can break away and the energy released for energy-hungry reactions that keep a cell alive when phosphate is released what is left is ADP adenosine diphosphate this change from try to die is taking place as ATP circulate through cell the recharging of ADP to ATP requires a huge energy investment that energy comes from the food we eat how energy is extracted from food molecules and used to synthesize ATP is one of the Great Discovery the mod biology all nucleated cells contain mitochondria the tiny bodies where ATP is produced this energetic protest is literally filled with them best way to see them clearly is to squeeze the cell under a cover glass until it ruptured forming a thin membrane bubble a little aquarium in which float fu mitochondria  a mitochondrion consists of two sacks made of membrane folds in the inner that increase the surface area for chemical reactions that produce ATP by breaking up mitochondria and separating out the men biochemist have discovered exactly where the chemical reactions involved in synthesizing ATP actually occur  first mitochondria take in molecules derived from food molecules with lots of chemical bond energy  the breakdown products of sugar than fat sugar contains enough chemical bond energy to burn with a hot Blue Flame that contains even more that has about twice the energy content of sugar if you can boil one test tube of water on a spoonful of sugar a spoonful of fat will boil to understand how energy is extracted from these fuel molecules we need to climb right inside of a mitochondria in the states between the two sacks puumala I disassembled in a way that releases their chemical bond energy energy in the form of electron Drive molecular pumps embedded in the intermembrane the pumps put hydrogen ions obtained from the fuel molecules into the inner membrane sac it's like blowing up a balloon  it's during this process that oxygen plays its role oxygen has a powerful attraction for electrons think of the electrons released from fuel molecules as a stream of water does is lower the streambed dramatically so that the water I mean the electrons can do a lot more work  some bacteria can an oxygen-free environment but also have the ability to use oxygen if it is available without oxygen the cell can two ATP molecules for every sugar molecule metabolized with oxygen the same cell can make 36 ATP from each sugar molecule oxygen powerful Poulan electrons allows most of the energy in their fuel molecules to be to push in the hydrogen ion  the folded inner membrane is studded with enzymes these enzyme ATP synthase offer an opening through which hydrogen ions can escape have the exit to ATP synthase they generate the energy required to bond the terminal phosphate onto ADP converting it to ATP that's it that's how the ATP battery is recharged but what happens all those carbon atoms that originally made up the fuel molecules in the process they combined with oxygen to form CO2 cause and I carbon dioxide leaves the mitochondria and escaped through the cell membrane  what picked up by the and transferred to your lungs ready for a good exhale that's animal respiration oxygen in burn fuel molecules make a teepee carbon dioxide out but how about plants for them it's carbon dioxide in oxygen out most of us here about photosynthesis around grade for when I teach you explain that plants take in carbon dioxide light shines on them they give off oxygen and make sugar which is been turned in or some other carbohydrates and now you know why  photosynthesis is the way plants make fuel molecules to feed their mitochondria in terms of getting energy the only real difference between plants and animals is the plants make their own fuel molecule where is we animals in order to get fuel mitochondria are green benefactors or eat something that has under the microscope a leaf cell looks like a box full of green jelly beans these are chloroplasts bodies containing chlorophyll molecules chlorophyll is a unique substance that absorbs the energy well reflecting away green  the first electron micrograph subsections through chloroplast these are definitely something more than little green jelly beans they were bodies with an elaborate internal structure chloroplast contain Stacks Apollo dip call Tyler coin and a thylakoid disc that covered by a carpet of chlorophyll molecules  Indians Green carpet light energy is converted chemical energy a process that drives the living world when light hits plant some of the light energy absorbed by its chloroplast is used to split water molecules into hydrogen ions and oxygen oxygen a waste product enters the atmosphere  the hydrogen ions are used in making ATP the same energy carrier produced by mine laundry  and this is how they do it  when a chlorophyll molecule absorbs a photon of light energy it transfers the energy to another stop  so the arrays of chlorophyll act like solar panel producing electron energy  but instead of slowing down a wire electrons flow through molecular pumps that pump hydrogen ion into thylakoid space Justice in mitochondria pressurized ions pass through enzyme that create ATP and other energy carriers these molecules by the energy for the food-making reactions of photosynthesis food making chemistry occurs in the soupy fluid that surrounds the thylakoid disc year in a complex series of reactions known as the Calvin cycle carbon dioxide is coupled with longer carbon chains using energy supplied by ATP and other energy carriers acquired from the light reaction this cycle produces a kind of molecule with a very intimidating name of Vaudeville glyceraldehyde P gal for short some of the pecan molecules keep the Cyclery and some of the three-carbon pick out enter an enzyme that unites them to form the six carbon sugar glucose that what your third grade teacher was about carbon dioxide in light on outcomes oxygen and glucose sugar tell the cell to energy transforming organelle mitochondria and feed on the waste products of each other  CO2 given off by mitochondria is exactly what glorify need to make peek out the building block of sugars and other carbohydrates and the oxygen released by chloroplast during the light reactions is what mitochondria need to drive the electron that pump in the hydrogen ion making it possible for ATP synthase to add that turn off phosphate to ADP creating ATP the universal energy carrier and that pass get energy

Video Gallery

How Cells Obtain Energy.mp4

Popular Videos