AP Biology Homework (Period 1) Assignments

Please complete the essay below by Monday! Try not to use your notes you have a quiz on Monday so this is a great way to study.
Describe the production and processing of a protein that will be exported from a
eukaryotic cell. Begin with the separation of the messenger RNA from the DNA
template and end with the release of the protein at the plasma membrane.

We only get to see each other on Monday and Wednesday. Wednesday will be your final, thus we will have a review session after school on Tuesday.

Transcription/Translation videos for your eyes!
http://www.dnai.org/lesson/go/19436/15510

http://www-class.unl.edu/bioc

http://www-class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animation/gene/gene_a3.htmlhem/gp2/m_biology/animation/gene/gene_a2.html

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072556781/student_view0/chapter12/animation_quiz_1.html

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072556781/student_view0/chapter12/animation_quiz_2.html

Answers to 16 MC practice
Best term: RNA primer, nucleotie excision repair, transformation, mismatch repair, lagging strand
Matching: D,B,A,C,E
MC: A, B, D, C, D
3-22 MC are out of your student study guide (soft book)

Due tomorrow: Online Transcription attached file

MC handout
Quiz on DNA structure and replication ( KNOW enzymes involved!!!!!!!!!!!!!)

- Chp 16 reading and self quiz at the end of chapter (in textbook)
- Printed notes below
- Timeline and assignments for DNA unit also attached (DOC and PDF versions)

Answers to Practice Heredity Exam
1. c 16. b 32. b
2. a 17. b 33. a
3. c 18. e 34. b
4. a 19. c 35. d
5. d 20. a 36. a
6. e 21. e 37. a
7. a 22. d 38. c
8. c 23. ab 39. b
9. d 24. c 40. a
10.c 26. c
11.b 27. a
12. a 28. c
13.c 29. d
14. d 30. b
15. a 31. c

Practice essay #2. This or the previous essay (essay for HW) will be on the test.

Each year a number of children are born with biological defects that impair normal
function. For THREE of the following conditions, discuss such aspects as the
biological cause, the methods of treatment and possible means of detection and/or
prevention.

a. Phenylketonuria (PKU)
b. Sickle cell anemia
c. Down syndrome
d. Cretinism
e. Erythroblastosis fetalis
f. Blue-baby condition
g. Tay-Sachs

Test tomorrow so notebooks are due.
You must have notes and HW (posted online date: 12/7/09) from meiosis and genetics.

Heredity Essay. Give yourself 3 minutes to prepare and 23 minutes to write the essay. Complete the response first with the material you remember and then go back and check notes and/or textbook.

State the conclusions reached by mendel in his work on the inheritance of characteristics. Explain how each of the following deviates from these conclusions:
A. Autosomal linkage
B. Sex-linked (X-linked) inheritance
C. Polygenic (multiple gene) inheritance.

Practice MC questions (handout) Quiz on Monday on chapter 15.

Handout of Chp 15 MC practice

Chapter 15 reading and complete questions in workbook at the end of chp. 15

Complete the Genetics problem set. Quiz tomorrow on punnett squares!

Stop at 14.4 ( Meaning do all but not 14-5 and beyond)
If you want to go on you can. The rest will be due on Thursday. You will have a LARGE quiz on punnett squares and mendel's laws on Thursday!

http://www.sciencecourseware.com/vcise/drosophila/

Drosophila virtual lab
- Select create new account
- the class code is: 4264664
- Please enter your real name :)
- Complete the lab and quiz at the end.

Meiosis tutorial to assist you in studying for your quiz.
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/CELL_BIO/tutorials/meiosis/main.html

We are going to compare mitosis to meiosis.
Read chapter 13 and answer questions in chp 13 of workbook (soft covered book that looks like your textbook).
Reading the Cliff's book and going over questions will also prepare you for meiosis.
You will have a quiz on meiosis on Tuesday.

Test on Thursday: Chapters 6,7,12
Notebook check #3
- Organelles: Notes from various groups
- Cell Transport: Notes, Membrane structure and function packet, handout on water potential
- Cell division: Notes on Cell cycle, practice handout
- Homework: Chapter 6 and 7 questions in workbook, Mitosis pictures and explanations, Study guide for chapter test,
- In class practice essay and practice exam
- Warm-Up: 4
- Virtual Labs (if you have not turned them in): Diffusion/Osmosis, Mitosis
* If you stamp on HW you will receive ½ credit
* Virtual labs will also be ½ credit

Essay #2
Discuss the process of cell division in animals. Include a description of mitosis and
cytokinesis, and of the other phases of the cell cycle. Do not include meiosis.

Study Guide for Unit 3 Test and Organelle info sheet- The file has also been added as a document.

THE CELL- Topics you must know!

Cell & Membrane Structure & Function
Classification
• plants: cell wall, chloroplasts, central vacuole
• animals: lysosomes, centrioles
• prokaryotes (bacteria): naked circular DNA, ribosomes, no nucleus or membrane-bound
organelles, sometimes cell wall (peptidoglycans)
• eukaryotes: nucleus & membrane-bound organelles

Cell Membrane Structure
• phospholipid bilayer: hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails; fluid mosaic model
• proteins
• integral & transmembrane: channel, transport, electron transfer
• peripheral: recognition, receptor, adhesion

Organelles & Other Structures
• nucleus, ribosomes, ER, Golgi, vesicles, mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes,
centrioles, vacuoles
• motility: flagella, cilia
• cytoskeleton: microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments
• cell wall
• cell junctions: desmosomes, tight junctions, gap junctions, plasmodesmata

Cell Membrane Function—Movement of Materials
• selectively permeable membrane
• diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport
• hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic, plasmolysis
• vesicular transport: exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis
Mitosis
• clones, asexual reproduction, growth, repair
• chromosomes, chromatids, centromere, complementary strands
• interphase, G1, S, G2, G0
• prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
• cytokinesis: cleavage furrow (animals), cell plate (plants)






Cells Study Guide
How do bacterial cells differ from animal cells?
Cells that make proteins would have a large number of ________?
What protein makes up the cytoskeleton & gives a cell its shape?
How do phospholipids in the cell membrane move?

What chemical in animal cell membranes maintains their fluid nature?
Facilitated diffusion & active transport both require what molecules in cell membranes?
What organelle converts light energy into chemical energy?
What will happen to the chromosomes in a cell that passes the restriction checkpoint?
What type of scope is needed to study the internal structure of a cell?
Does the cytoskeleton limit cell size?
What types of cells do not reproduce more cells by mitosis & cytokinesis?
Is diffusion active or passive transport?
How can you determine if a cell is in an isotonic solution?
What organelle makes lipids?
What is the function of these cell structures --- mitochondrion, chloroplast, ribosome, lysosome, cell wall, & chromosomes?
How does CO2 move into a cell?
Name the parts of the cytoskeleton.
What cell organelles have two membranes?
What is active transport?
How does potassium move into & out of a cell?
Name all structures in a cell responsible for movement.
If a cell has 92 chromosomes at the start of mitosis, how many will be in the daughter cells?
When do tetrads from in a cell?
At what point are chromatids attached to each other?
What is the function of glycolipids & glycoproteins in animal cell membranes?
How does telophase of mitosis differ in plant & animal cells?
What is membrane potential?
Besides the nucleus, where else can DNA be found in a cell?
Do plant cells have mitochondria? Why or why not?
Which proteins in the cell membrane function in active transport?
Why would bacterial cells not be capable of phagocytosis?
Why are eukaryotic cells larger than prokaryotic cells?
What is the purpose of cell fractionation?
Through what type of junctions do ions travel between cells?
If the spindle cannot form, at what stage will mitosis no longer proceed?
What will be true of cells that undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis?
What cellular structure helps form the cleavage furrow in animal cells?
How do receptor proteins in a membrane act like enzymes?
What occurs during prophase of mitosis?
By what process do large solids move into a cell?
Does the movement of oxygen & carbon dioxide across cell membranes require energy?
Describe the interior of chloroplasts & mitochondria.

The lab below is due Thursday. You may bring in a hard copy or e-mail me your answers. There are various links for you to follow. Also, for those of you with Word, the file has been attached. There are pictures associated with questions #3.

Mitosis -- Internet Lesson


In this internet lesson, you will review the steps of mitosis and meiosis and view video simulations of cell division. You will also view an onion root tip and calculate the percentage of cells at each of the stages of cell division.


Mitosis Tutorial
http://www.cellsalive.com/

On the left side of the screen is a navigation bar, click on the link to “MITOSIS” Read the text on this page and view the animation, you can slow down the video by clicking step by step through the phases.


1. Which stage does the following occur

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes _____________________________________________
Chromosomes align in center of cell. _____________________________________________
Longest part of the cell cycle. _____________________________________________
Nuclear envelope breaks down. _____________________________________________
Cell is cleaved into two new daughter cells. _____________________________________________
Daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles. _____________________________________________


Watch the video carefully.

2. The colored chromosomes represent chromatids. There are two of each color because one is an exact duplicate of the other.

--How many chromosomes are visible at the beginning of mitosis? ________________

-- How many are in each daughter cell at the end of mitosis? __________________

--The little green T shaped things on the cell are: ____________________________

-- What happens to the centrioles during mitosis? _____________________________

3. Identify the stages of these cells:


Another Mitosis Animation
Go to www.johnkyrk.com/mitosis.html

View the animation and sketch the cell in:

Prophase






Metaphase




Telophase


Onion Root Tip - Online Activity
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/activities/cell_cycle/cell_cycle.html

Read the introduction, then click the “next” button.

You will have 36 cells to classify. When you’re finished, record your data in the chart below.

Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Total
Number of cells
36
Percent of cells

(calculate: number of cells divided by total cells x 100 ) 100 %



Mitosis in Whitefish & Onion Roots
http://www.biologycorner.com/flash/mitosis.html

For each organism, identify the stage of mitosis.

View 1 View 2 View 3 View 4 View 5
Whitefish
Onion

Presentation due today!
You will have a quiz on organelles and membrane transport on Tues.
We are also beginning chapter 12 on tues. if you would like to read ahead.

Read and answer questions at the end of chp. 6 and 7.
- This is not only for HW but also for your studying purposes.

These are also the answers to the Membrane Structure and Function packet:
a. II
b. III
c. I
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. E
5. D
6. A
7. E
8. C
9. B
10. A
11. E
12. A
13. B
14. C
15. B
16. B
17. E
18. C

Please follow the virtual lab: http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol114/Osmosis/Osmosis0.asp

Part A: Write down information regarding the lab. When the lab asked you to press the red button write down the steps you are performing such as: placing 1% protein in a dialysis bag.

Part B: Complete a chart of the 4 test tubes and results.

Part C: Answer the questions at the end of the lab. DO NOT PUSH SUBMIT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Copy and past the answer and questions in a word document and either e-mail your results or submit a hard copy. The e-mail or hardcopy should contain the instructions you completed in part A and B above.

Extra Credit: If you would like to perform this experiment at home and bring your results in by Tuesday, Nov. 17 you may for extra credit.
*** I need the eggs and the egg data sheet in order for you to receive the credit.
http://brookings.k12.sd.us/biology/teacherlinks/eggosmosis.htm

- Read chapter 7 on transport across the cell membrane. There will be a reading quiz on Mon.

- Bring Materials for your organelle project. You will be given time to work on it in class.

Fill- in lecture notes have been added to the class notes page. We will begin this on Mon.

Bring information for your organelle presentation.

Binder Check #2
NOTES: Chemistry review (worksheet); Biochem notes on macromolecules;enzymes, energy; Toothpickase activity= 75 pts.
REVIEW SHEETS: Macromolecule review; In class questions on enzymes( Oct. 28)= 20 pts.
HW: RG chp 8; Weblab on enzymes; Lab 2 pre-lab and quiz; concept map of macromolecules; Unit 2 Review= 50 pts.
WARM-UPS: 2= 10 pts
LABS: AP Lab 2 results and questions= 25 pts.

TOTAL: 180 pts.

The attached guide is for you to review the material that you must know for the exam. Please do the sample MC questions and write out your response answers. This is due Monday. Two of these response questions will be on your exam.

I have copied and pasted the review in the box and I have also attached it as a WORD file. The second free response question has a graph that I can not place on the site. You can e-mail me and I will send the graph to you directly, if need be.


REVIEW 1: BIOCHEMISTRY UNIT
A. Top “10” — If you learned anything from this unit, you should have learned:
1. All living matter made up of CHONPS
2. Bonds
a. covalent bonds are strong
b. hydrogen bonds are weak
c. polar molecules vs. non-polar molecules
d. reaction with water (cytoplasm & extracellular solution) vs. cell membrane
3. Reactions of life
a. dehydration synthesis
• releases water
• synthesis: builds covalent bonds
• anabolic, endergonic
b. hydrolysis
• uses water
• digestion: break covalent bonds
• catabolic, exergonic
4. Water
a. polar molecule leads to special properties
• cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat, less dense as solid
5. Macromolecules
a. carbohydrates
• sugar monomer
• energy, structure (cell wall, chitin)
b. lipids
• phospholipids (cell membrane)
• energy storage
• steroid hormones
c. proteins (amino acids)
• amino acid monomer
• 4 levels of structure
• bonding at each level: covalent, H bonds, hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, disulfide bridges
• many functions!: enzymes, structure, regulatory molecules
d. nucleic acids
• nucleotide monomers
• information storage
6. Enzyme function
a. proteins & RNA
b. bind to substrate
c. speed rate of reactions: reduce activation energy
d. induced fit (lock & key)
e. affected by temperature, pH, salinity, concentration of substrate & enzyme
B. Labs
1. Enzyme Catalysis
Be sure to review the procedures and the conclusions, and understand:
a. Factors that affect enzyme function
b. How to set up a similar experiment
c. Controls vs. Experimental


C. Sample Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following is an example of a hydrogen bond? (1990:9)
a. The peptide bond between amino acids in a protein
b. The bond between an oxygen atom and a hydrogen in the carboxyl group of a fatty acid.
c. The bond between Na+ and Cl- in salt
d. The attraction between a hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule.
e. The bond between carbon and hydrogen in methane

2. A feature of organic compounds NOT found in inorganic compounds is the presence of
(1994:10)
a. ionizing chemical groups
b. electrons
c. carbon atoms covalently bonded to each other
d. oxygen
e. hydrogen bonds

Questions 3-7. Choose an item from the list below that is best associated with the following statements. (1194:86-90)

A. Glycocalyx
B. Cholesterol
C. Triglyceride
D. Phospholipid
E. Protein

3. Carbohydrate-containing layer at the surface of the plasma membrane
4. The major component of the fluid bilayer of a plasma membrane
5. Carrier molecule in the plasma membrane
6. Steroid affecting the fluidity of the plasma membrane
7. ATP synthase (synthetase) in the inner mitochondrial and chloroplast membrane

8. The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires
a. the release of a water molecule
b. the release of a carbon dioxide molecule
c. the addition of a nitrogen atom
d. the addition of a water molecule
e. an increase in activation energy

9. Which of the following best characterizes the reaction represented below (1999:14)
A + B + energy → AB
a. hydrolysis
b. catabolism
c. oxidation-reduction
d. exergonic reaction
e. endergonic reaction



10. Which of the following can be used to determine the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions (1994:37)
a. rate of disappearance of the enzyme
b. rate of disappearance of the substrate
c. rate of disappearance of the product
d. change in volume of the solution
e. increase in activation energy


FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS: These are the 3 possible essay questions, two will be on the test and you select one to write about.

2001:4
Proteins — large complex molecules — are building blocks of all living organisms. Discuss the following in relation to proteins.
a. the chemical composition and levels of structure of proteins
b. the roles of DNA and RNA in protein synthesis
c. the roles of proteins in membrane structure and transport of molecules across the membrane

2000:1
The effects of pH and temperature were studied for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The following results were obtained.

a. How do (1) temperature and (2) pH affect the activity of this enzyme? In your answer, include a discussion of the relationship between the structure and the function of this enzyme, as well as a discussion of how structure and function of enzymes are affected by temperature and pH.
b. Describe a controlled experiment that could have produced the data shown for either
temperature or pH. Be sure to state the hypothesis that was tested here.

1996:1
The unique properties (characteristics) of water make life possible on Earth. Select three properties of water and
a) for each property, identify and define the property and explain it in terms of the physical/chemical nature of water.
b) For each property, describe one example of how the property affects the functioning of living organisms.

- Go to the website below. This weblab simulates the lab we began in class. Since we will not have the opportunity to complete the lab in class. Also at the end of the tutorial please do not press submit. This lab is for a university and will not be sent to me.
- You can either e-mail me your answers by Wednesday Oct 28 or submit a hardcopy in class by Thursday.

Web Lab on Enzymes: http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol114/enzyme/enzyme1.asp

Part I - Measuring the Rate of Reaction
Introduction:
1. Write the equation for the reaction that the enzyme catalase carries out.

________________________________________________________________
2. Why does raising the temperature increase the rate of the reaction?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. What can be used to STOP the reaction of catalase? Why does this work?
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Click on the "more" button.
4. What is the active site? _______________________________________________________
5. If we start with 3 ml of H2O2 from your bathroom cabinet and add catalase. After 3 minutes we measure the amount of H202 remaining and find 1 ml remains.
How much H202 was consumed in the reaction? ____________________
6. If we repeated the experiment above but found 2 ml of H202 remaining,
would this indicate a lower or higher rate of reaction? _________________________________

Click on the "more" button.
7. The Experimental Procedure - fill in the blanks
____________________ tubes containing catalase and _____________________ at different temperatures and examine the rate of enzyme activity by ________________________ any remaining (unreacted) substrate. This will give us an indirect measure of the substrate converted to ___________________ and therefore the _____________________ of reaction.
8. When you added H2O2 to the test tubes you added substrate or enzyme? ______________
9. The four tubes are placed in what temperatures? ___________________________________

10. After you added catalase, wait 3 minutes and then add what? _______________ Why is this step important?
11. What reaction occurred in the test tubes? _______________________________________
12. Titrate using potassium permanganate each of the four tubes and fill out the table below.

Tube 1 Tube 2 Tube 3 Tube 4
Amount of Potassium Permang
anate needed



13. (Click on "back to the lab") Which tube had the highest rate of reaction? How do you know?
_____________________________________________________
14. What variable(s) would have caused the differences in reaction rates for each tube? _________________________________________


15. Amylase is an enzyme in saliva that helps to break starches into sugars. An experiment with amylase and starch was set up similar to the one you did above and the following results were obtained. Instead of measuring the amount of starch remaining in the tube, scientists measured the amount of glucose produced.

You slowly add KMnO4, which is purple, to the flask. The peroxide in the flask causes the KMnO4 to lose color when the solution is mixed thoroughly. When all the peroxide has reacted with KMnO4, any additional KMnO4 will remain light brown or pinkish even after you swirl the mixture. This is the endpoint. Record the amount of KMnO4 you have used.
The more KMnO4 you use, the more peroxide is left in the flask.


Tube 1 Tube 2 Tube 3 Tube 4
Amount of glucose in each tube after 3 minutes
2 ml 6ml 4ml 12ml

Which of the tubes in the above experiment was the coldest? ________ The warmest? _______
Explain how you know this. _____________________________________________________
16. Indicators such as potassium permanganate and iodine can be used to measure the amount of substance left in a test tube or beaker. For each of the indicators, list whether they serve to indicate substrate left, or product created
Amylase ____________________ Potassium Permanganate ________________________

Finish Chp 8 Reading Guide.
Quiz on Monday.

Chapter 8 lecture outline has been posted for you under AP Biology Lecture outlines.

Go through lab 2 Enzymes: Answer and printout lab quiz
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab2/quiz.html

Complete Pre-lab write-up for this lab. Reading Lab 2 from your green lab book will assist you in completing the pre-lab. I have saved the pre-lab as three different files so hopefully one will open for you.

You will have a quiz on macromolecules and the lab on Thursday.

1. Print and complete the Concept map of Organic Molecules.
Print in Landscape.

2. Locate and print a table of the functional groups such as found in your tests on pages 62 and 63. This is to be placed in your notebooks and used as a reference.

Binder Contents:

HW
MC Mock Exam
Animal essay
Reading guides: 52, 53, 54
Concept map of biogeochemical cycles
Practice essay- Behavior of Bombats
Questions 1-18 from AP Bio workbook- Chp 53

Labs
#11: questions and graph
#12: Pre-lab, lab write-up including questions, graphs, and data table

Notes
Animal Behavior (chp 50)
Population ecology (chp 52)
Community ecology (chp 53)
Ecosystem (chp 54)

1. Create a concept map of the 4 biogeochemical cycles, so that you can remember them.
2. Complete the graph on the dissolved oxygen lab.
3. Read lab 12B to prepare you for tomorrow.

Our next AP lab is lab #12. Please work through this tutorial on Lab 12. At the end of the tutorial there is a quiz. Print out your results and bring it with you to class on tuesday.

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/index.html
- Click on Lab 12: dissolved Oxygen

Also to be completed are questions about the lab. In order to answer the questions you must have your AP Biology lab book (green/black) that was given to you at the start of school. The questions are in the attached file.

Chapter 54 reading guide

Chapter 53 in workbook questions 1-18 at end of chapter

This homework assignment is due Sunday at 11:59 pm. You are to e-mail me your assignment before this time. You may use the graphing resource given or handwrite your graph and show me on Monday. My e-mail address is [email protected].
You can also e-mail me any questions or concerns that you have about the assignment or about the class in general.

Guided reading for chapter 52. Please Complete the four page guide as you are reading the chapter. All material will not be covered in class so it is up to you to read the text.

Chapter 53 guided reading. We are going to skip 52 since they are general terms and ideas and proceed into a discussion on Chapter 53. You still need to read Chapter 52 and do reading guide.

The PowerPoint and Lecture outline for Chapter 53 will be posted tomorrow for your viewing and printing.

Lab #11 questions 1-7 and graph for one form of taxis you experimented.
Practice essay from 2002 AP test: Behavior laboratory- Must be hand-written

2002 Practice Essay

Lab #11 questions 1-5 to be completed and placed in your binder.